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Appendix
4 - Training Materials: Prioritizing Interventions
What
priority interventions do we want being done to meet the needs of each
priority population?
Develop
and apply a process to prioritize interventions that uses behavioral
science research and other data sources.
1.
What interventions could be directed at meeting the needs of each
priority population?
Create
a list of possible interventions for each identified need based on what
the research and your own experience tells us works.
2.
What interventions are currently being done to meet the needs of
each priority population?
List
the types of interventions currently being conducted for each priority
population.
3.
What is the difference between what is currently being done and the
priority interventions we want to be done?
Conduct
a “gap analysis” by comparing what priority interventions you are
doing to what interventions you want to be doing.
4.
How can statewide HIV prevention shift towards the priority
interventions we want being done?
Develop
recommendations to enhance statewide HIV prevention:
-
Initiate
priority interventions that are not being done
-
Continue
priority interventions that are currently being done
-
Redirect
nonpriority interventions that are currently being done
CATEGORIES
OF BEHAVIOR FACTORS
What
do I think about my risk for HIV? - RISK APPRAISAL
1.
Perceived
risk – Who do I
think is at risk for HIV?
2.
Perceived
susceptibility – How
vulnerable am I to HIV?
3.
Expected
outcomes – Is it
worth it for me to change my behavior?
4.
Perceived
severity – Is HIV a
serious threat to my health?
5.
Knowledge
– How much do I know about HIV?
How do I feel about myself? -
SELF-PERCEPTION
1.
Self-efficacy
– How confident do I feel about being able to change my behavior?
2.
Intentions
– What is my plan to change my behavior?
3.
Ambivalence
– Do I feel like I can’t decide – sometimes I want to change and
sometimes I don’t?
4.
Self-standards/self-identity
– How do I see myself in relation to the behavior I’m thinking about
changing?
5.
Skills
– Am I able to actually perform the behavior?
What
strong feelings do I have in relation to the behavior? - EMOTION AND
AROUSAL
1.
Moods
– How do I feel in general?
2.
Sexual
arousal – What turns
me on?
3.
Shame
and guilt - How do I
handle shame and guilt in relation to risky behaviors?
How
do other people affect me? - RELATIONSHIP ISSUES AND SOCIAL INFLUENCE
Sexual
Relationship Dynamics:
1.
Communication
and negotiation –
How do I talk about sex or drug use with my partner?
2.
Cultural/family
norms and values about sexuality and gender roles
– What are my family and racial/ethnic group rules and values about sex?
About the roles of men and women?
3.
Cultural/family
norms and values about sexual communication
–What are the standards for talking about sex among the people in my
family and racial/ethnic group?
4.
Interpersonal
power dynamics – How
much am I in control of what happens between my sex or drug-using partner
and me?
5.
Relationship
development – How
long have I been with my partner and how would I describe my relationship?
Social
Issues:
1.
Social
norms – What are the
standards of behavior among my friends? My cultural group?
2.
Peer
pressure – How much
does what my friends say and do determine what I do?
3.
Social
support and social group network
– How do others encourage or undermine what I do about my behavior?
What
other things outside of me affect what I feel, think and do about the
behavior? - STRUCTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
1.
Environmental
barriers or facilitators
– What things in my neighborhood or community make it harder for me to
change or help me to change?
2.
Social
norms, laws, regulations
– Are there laws or ways of doing things by my friends or people in my
community that make it harder for me to change or help me to change?
3.
Family,
cultural or religious norms
- Are there ways of doing things by my family that make it harder for me
to change or help me to change?
4.
Access
to services – How
hard or easy is it for me to get services I need?
Interventions
that relate
to categories of behavior
RISK
APPRAISAL
1.
In formation giving
2.
Story-telling
3.
“High risk behaviors” versus “”risky groups”
4.
Other ways to personalize risk
SELF-PERCEPTION
1.
Skill-building
2.
Coaching
3.
Realistic planning
4.
Anticipating personal high-risk situations
5.
Encouraging success in other areas of one’s life
6.
Weighing pros and cons
7.
Referrals for treatment of underlying problems
EMOTION
AND AROUSAL
1.
Eroticizing safer sex
2.
Sex-positive messages
3.
Learning to recognize and avoid triggers
4.
Offer substitutes to meet emotional and arousal needs
5.
Providing information in relevant settings and in pleasurable ways
6.
Stress-reduction activities
RELATIONSHIP
ISSUES AND SOCIAL INFLUENCE
1.
Communication skills building
2.
Eroticizing safer sex
3.
Using role models to change group norms
4.
Peer outreach
5.
Peer pressure resistance skills building
6.
Encouraging change to protect family members or other loved ones
7.
Workplace or other organization-based interventions
8.
Support groups
9.
Social groups and other opportunities for social affiliation
10.
Social marketing
STRUCTURAL
AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
1.
Working on policy changes that affect service delivery
2.
Working on legislation at local, state, or federal level
3.
Local activism
4.
Community mobilization to enhance participation
5.
Empowerment/popular education
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